Embryo implantation failure occurs when pregnancy is not achieved after at least three attempts to transfer good quality embryos in an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycle.
Implantation occurs when the embryo attaches to the endometrium, the inner surface of the uterus. Usually, the embryo arrives in the uterus 6-10 days after fertilization and is ready to “stick” to the endometrium.
In IVF, the transfer of the embryo takes place at a specific time in the cycle when the endometrium is in ideal conditions to receive the embryo. This time period is called the “implantation window” and usually coincides with days 20-24 of the menstrual cycle and lasts for about 4 days.
Failure of implantation becomes noticeable when there is no pregnancy and menstruation begins about two weeks after transfer of the embryo.
Causes of implantation failure
-
Embryo Quality
One of the most common causes of embryo implantation failure is chromosomal abnormalities in embryos. The quality of the embryos is crucial for successful implantation. Poor quality embryos are less likely to implant. and develop properly.
-
Endometrial receptivity
The receptivity of the endometrium is essential for implantation. The endometrium must have sufficient thickness and structure at the implantation window. Problems such as insufficient endometrial thickness or the presence of conditions such as polyps, fibroids or infections can prevent implantation of the embryo.
-
Immunological factors
Hyperanxia or immunosuppression conditions may affect implantation or early development of the embryo.
-
Other factors
Other factors that affect the implantation of the embryo are the age of the mother and stress. With age the quality of the eggs decreases and the likelihood of chromosomal alterations increases, thus increasing the chances of implantation failures. Stress can affect the behaviour of the immune system, which can in turn affect embryo implantation.
Are you ready to start your journey?
Whatever your fertility needs, we are here to offer support and guidance every step of the way.
Solutions for implantation failures
Intrauterine receptivity test
The endometrial receptivity test is a personalized test that evaluates and determines the receptivity status of the endometrium at the implantation window.
It helps us to identify the best time of the endometrium for embryo transfer, which increases the likelihood of implantation and, consequently, pregnancy.
Immunological examination
An immunological study is a test used to map and evaluate the patient's immune status. This test provides a detailed profile of different cells and molecules of the immune system. It helps to identify imbalances and immune dysfunctions that may contribute to various diseases.
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGC) is a procedure performed before the implantation of the embryo in the uterus to detect genetic abnormalities or inherited diseases. Through a biopsy of embryos from IVF, any problems are identified and healthy embryos are selected for transfer, increasing the chances of successful implantation and healthy pregnancy.
Hysteroscopy
This test is done in cases where uterine pathology is suspected or where there are difficulties in achieving pregnancy through fertility treatment. The procedure allows direct and accurate visualisation of the uterine cavity through a thin tube with a built-in camera (hysteroscope), inserted through the cervix. This provides valuable information on the morphology, structure and function of the uterus, allowing assessment of conditions for implantation and pregnancy.
At Ovagenesis, we perform tests that help us to discover the causes that affect the implantation process, in order to determine the best treatment approaches for each case.