Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder diagnosed in women of reproductive age, affecting approximately 10% of women. Although the exact cause of the syndrome remains unknown, it is believed to be related to hormonal imbalances that affect the ovaries and other bodily functions. The diagnosis is made when at least two of the three main criteria are met: elevated androgen levels in the blood, irregular or absent menstrual periods, and polycystic morphology of the ovaries on ultrasound.
The manifestation of the syndrome can vary significantly from woman to woman, and symptoms can range from mild to more severe, changing in duration and intensity throughout a woman’s life, from adolescence to after menopause. Additionally, symptoms often evolve and differentiate depending on age and hormonal changes occurring in the body.
Main Symptoms of PCOS
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Irregular periods
The most common manifestation is a disruption in the menstrual cycle, where women with PCOS may have irregular periods or none at all for extended periods.
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Elevated androgen levels
High levels of androgens (male hormones) in the blood are responsible for characteristic symptoms, such as increased hair growth (especially on the face, abdomen, and chest), oily skin, and acne.
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Polycystic ovary morphology
The ovaries of women with PCOS exhibit numerous small cysts, which affect their normal functioning and prevent regular ovulation.
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Hair thinning on the scalp
Many women with PCOS experience hair thinning at the top of the head, creating a sensation of hair loss, a condition called androgenetic alopecia.
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Acne and oily skin
Increased sebum production due to androgens often causes severe acne, mainly located on the face, neck, and back.
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Weight gain and difficulty losing weight
While not a definitive symptom, many women with PCOS face weight gain issues and find it difficult to lose weight.
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The Relationship Between PCOS and Infertility
The relationship between PCOS and infertility is direct and significant. PCOS is one of the most common causes of infertility, as women with the syndrome, due to hormonal imbalances, do not have regular ovulation, which significantly reduces the chances of natural conception. This typically manifests as irregular periods, but even when cycles are of normal length, ovulation may not occur.
Treatment for PCOS focuses on controlling symptoms and, in cases of infertility, methods to enhance the likelihood of conception, such as medication or in vitro fertilization. Despite the challenges, women with PCOS can achieve pregnancy with the appropriate medical support.
With persistence and care, the dream of motherhood can become a reality.